給我國際籃球規則,以及NBA籃球規則,以及兩者的區別,先用英語論述,再給我繁體中文翻譯
好的,這是一個非常重要的主題,因為國際籃球規則(由FIBA國際籃球總會管轄)和NBA規則之間存在著顯著差異,這些差異會影響比賽的節奏、策略和觀感。
以下是關於國際籃球規則與NBA規則的詳細說明與比較。
English Version:
FIBA vs. NBA Rules
1. Game Duration
FIBA: 4 quarters of 10 minutes. Total 40 minutes.
NBA: 4 quarters of 12 minutes. Total 48 minutes.
2. Three-Point Line
FIBA: The distance is 6.75 meters (approximately 22 feet 1.75 inches). The arc is a uniform curve.
NBA: The distance is 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 meters) at the top of the key and 22 feet in the corners. The arc is not uniform; it is closer in the corners.
3. The Key (Paint)
FIBA: A rectangle 4.9 meters wide (approximately 16 feet). Often called the "key."
NBA: A rectangle 16 feet wide. It used to be a trapezoid like the current FIBA women's key, but was changed to a rectangle in 1997.
4. Goaltending / Basket Interference
FIBA: Once the ball touches the rim on a shot attempt, any player can play the ball. They can tap it away or into the basket, provided they do not violate the cylinder rule.
NBA: Once the ball is directly above the rim (in the "cylinder"), and has a chance to score, it cannot be touched by any player. Touching the ball while it is on the rim (and still has a chance to go in) is also a violation.
5. Timeouts
FIBA: Called only by the coach, not players on the court. 2 timeouts in the first half, 3 in the second half (max 2 in the last 2 minutes of the 4th quarter). Timeouts are 60 seconds long. Play stops for timeouts only after a made basket, a foul, or a violation in most cases.
NBA: Can be called by players on the court or the coach. Each team has 7 full timeouts per game. Timeouts are longer (usually 1 minute 15 seconds for "full" timeouts). Timeouts can be called during live play, which stops the game immediately ("TV timeouts").
6. Fouls and Free Throws Team Foul Penalty:
FIBA: The penalty (bonus) starts on the 5th team foul in a quarter. The 5th, 6th, and 7th+ fouls award 2 free throws, unless it's an offensive foul.
NBA: The penalty starts on the 5th team foul in a quarter OR the 2nd team foul in the final two minutes of a quarter. Fouls 1-4 in a quarter are "non-penalty," meaning free throws are only shot on shooting fouls.
Number of Free Throws (on a non-shooting foul):
FIBA: 2 free throws in the bonus.
NBA: "Bonus" gives 1 free throw, "Double Bonus" (after 10+ team fouls in a half in college; in the NBA, it's always 2 shots on the 5th foul). Correction for clarity: In the NBA, on the 5th team foul in a quarter (and any subsequent fouls), the offended team is awarded 2 free throws.
7. Player Fouls
FIBA: 5 personal fouls result in disqualification.
NBA: 6 personal fouls result in disqualification.
8. Coaching Box
FIBA: Coaches are allowed to stand and coach during live play, as long as they remain in their designated coaching box.
NBA: Coaches must remain seated on the bench for most of the game, with some exceptions during dead-ball situations.
9. Game Interruptions (Stoppage of Play)
FIBA: The ball becomes dead immediately after a successful field goal. The opposing team must inbound the ball quickly.
NBA: After a successful field goal in the last 2 minutes of the 4th quarter or overtime, the team can call a timeout to advance the ball to the frontcourt.
Summary of Key Differences Feature FIBA NBA Game Length 4 x 10 min (40 min) 4 x 12 min (48 min) 3-Point Line 6.75m (22'1.75") 23'9" / 22' (7.24m / 6.71m) The Key (Paint) 4.9m wide rectangle 16ft wide rectangle Goaltending Can play ball off the rim Cannot touch ball above rim/on rim Timeouts Fewer, coach-called, during dead balls More, player/coach-called, during live play Fouls to Bonus 5th team foul per quarter 5th team foul per quarter Player Foul Out 5 fouls 6 fouls Ball After Basket Live immediately Can call timeout to advance (last 2 min)
繁體中文翻譯:
FIBA 國際籃球規則 vs. NBA 規則
1. 比賽時間
FIBA: 4 節,每節 10 分鐘。總計 40 分鐘。
NBA: 4 節,每節 12 分鐘。總計 48 分鐘。
2. 三分線距離
FIBA: 距離籃框 6.75 公尺(約 22 英尺 1.75 英寸)。弧線是均勻的圓弧。
NBA: 弧頂距離為 23 英尺 9 英寸(7.24 公尺),底角距離為 22 英尺(6.71 公尺)。弧線不均勻,底角較近。
3. 禁區
FIBA: 一個 4.9 公尺寬的長方形(約 16 英尺)。常被稱為「罰球區」。
NBA: 一個 16 英尺寬的長方形。過去曾是梯形(如現今女子比賽),但於 1997 年改為長方形。
4. 妨礙中籃 / 干擾球
FIBA: 當投籃的球觸及籃框後,任何球員都可以觸球。只要不違反籃圈圓柱體規則,他們可以將球撥開或撥進籃框。
NBA: 當球在籃圈正上方(「圓柱體」內)且有進球機會時,任何球員都不得觸碰。當球在籃圈上且仍有進球可能時觸碰,也屬於違例。
5. 暫停
FIBA: 只能由教練請求,場上球員不能。 上半場 2 次,下半場 3 次(第四節最後 2 分鐘最多 2 次)。 暫停時間為 60 秒。 暫停通常只能在進球後、犯規或違例等死球狀態下請求,比賽會隨之停止。
NBA: 場上球員或教練均可請求。 每場比賽每隊有 7 次長暫停。 暫停時間較長(長暫停通常為 1 分 15 秒)。 可以在比賽進行中請求暫停,這會立即中斷比賽(「電視暫停」)。
6. 犯規與罰球
團隊犯規處罰:
FIBA: 在一節中,從第 5 次團隊犯規 開始進入加罰狀態。第5、6、7次及以後的犯規將判給2次罰球(進攻犯規除外)。
NBA: 在一節中,從第 5 次團隊犯規 或一節最後兩分鐘內的第2次團隊犯規 開始進入加罰狀態。一節中前4次非投籃犯規不會導致罰球。
罰球次數(非投籃犯規時):
FIBA: 在加罰狀態下,每次犯規判給 2 次罰球。
NBA: 在加罰狀態下(一節第5次團隊犯規後),每次犯規判給 2 次罰球。
7. 球員犯規
FIBA: 5 次個人犯規即犯滿離場。
NBA: 6 次個人犯規即犯滿離場。
8. 教練區
FIBA: 教練在比賽進行時可以站立並在指定的教練區內進行指導。
NBA: 教練在大部分比賽時間必須坐在板凳上,僅在死球狀態等少數情況下例外。
9. 比賽中斷(發球時機)
FIBA: 投籃得分後,球立即成為死球。對手必須迅速發底線球。
NBA: 在第四節或延長賽的最後 2 分鐘內投籃得分後,得分隊可以請求暫停,將球推進到前場發球。
主要區別總結
項目
FIBA 國際籃總 NBA 美國職籃
比賽時間 4 x 10 分鐘(40分鐘) 4 x 12 分鐘(48分鐘)
三分線 6.75 公尺(22英尺1.75英寸)
弧頂 23'9" / 底角 22'(7.24公尺 / 6.71公尺)
禁區 4.9 公尺寬的長方形 16 英尺寬的長方形
干擾球 球碰框後可撥球 不可碰觸籃圈上方或正在籃圈上的球
暫停 次數較少,僅教練可叫,死球時 次數較多,球員/教練可叫,活球也可叫
團隊犯規加罰 每節第 5 次團隊犯規 每節第 5 次團隊犯規
犯滿離場 5 次犯規 6 次犯規
得分後發球 立即發球,比賽不中斷 最後2分鐘可叫暫停推進至前場
